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EMCABS
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Following are abstracts of papers from previous EMC symposia, related conferences, meetings and publications.
As the EMC Society becomes more international, we will be adding additional worldwide abstractors who will be reviewing articles and papers in many languages. We will continue to set up these informal cooperation networks to assist members in getting the information or contacting the author(s). We are particularly interested in symposium proceedings which have not been available for review in the past. Thank you for any assistance you can give to expand the EMCS knowledge base. EMC EMCABS: 01-8-2003 Abstract: An EMI antenna calibration
method is newly developed which requires measurements of antenna
impedance above a metal ground plane. The paper reviews the obsolete
reflection method for determining the antenna gain, and then proposes
an improvement to make it applicable to mismatched antennas. In
addition, multiple scattering is accounted for by introducing
mutual-coupling impedance between an antenna and a ground plane.
Thus, the antenna input impedance is formulated in terms of the
height-dependent radiation impedance and the effective length
of the antenna. Using this formula, an algorithm is developed
to determine the free-space antenna factor from measured data
on the antenna impedance for various heights. Theoretical and
experimental investigations clearly demonstrate that the newly
developed calibration method can yield the free space antenna
factor very accurately with an error around 0.3 dB or less at
almost all frequencies.
EMCABS: 02-8-2003 Abstract: In the paper, a novel approach
to the contribution of the oscilloscope in uncertainty estimation
of the rise time by measurement of the ESD discharge current is
performed. Correlation between input signal and the displayed
voltage at the oscilloscope called here transmittance is measured
and approximated with the second order low pass filter along with
the Gauss filters. Voltage at the oscilloscope input is calculated
as the product of the analytically expressed current and measured
input impedance of the oscilloscope. Moreover, measurement uncertainty
of input impedance and oscilloscope transmittance is built in
the uncertainty estimation. The approach is compared with the
two rules concerning a conservative estimation of the rise time
of oscilloscopes. Presented calculations of the uncertainty of
the rise time for pulses with different rise time shows advantages
and better suitability of the novel method by measurement of the
ESD discharge current.
EMCABS: 03-8-2003 Abstract: The performance of an E-field
probe developed around a low-cost battery-powered wide-bandwidth
analog fiber optic link for measuring transients is described.
The link is based in a VCSEL laser operating at the wavelength
of 850 nm and includes a voltage amplifier at the transmitter
and a trans-impedance amplifier at the receiver to permit the
transmission of low-level analog signals up to 1 GHz. The E-field
sensor is applied for monitoring radiated electromagnetic fields
produced by high-voltage spark discharges simulating the electrostatic
discharges (ESD). A numerical electromagnetic field simulator,
based upon the FDTD method, is used as a tool to study the signals
before the experimental measurements. The effects of the discharges
over the transmission lines connecting passive probes and instruments
have shown the feasibility of the fiber optic E-field probe.
EMCABS: 04-8-2003
EMCABS: 05-8-2003 Abstract: A factorial designed experiment
at two levels was applied to investigate the performance of stirrers
in reverberation chambers. The goal has been to quantify the sensitivity
of the design parameters for the mode-stirrer. The focus has been
to investigate single rotational stirrers. The experiment shows
that the effect of changing the diameter of the stirrer is much
greater than changing the height, and that the effect of changing
the chamber volume is small.
EMCABS: 06-8-2003 Abstract: A portable heart simulator
for the study of electromagnetic interference to implantable devices
is designed. The simulator consists of a plexi-glass box divided
into three chambers simulating the left atrium and the ventricles,
plus a lateral lodging for the implantable device. The box is
coupled to a laptop PC by an A/D board; HW and SW interfaces allow
one to monitor and drive the chambers. Synthetic endocardial atrial
and ventricle signals performing up to 13 cardiac rhythms are
stored in the PC. They are applied to the cardiac chambers by
AgCl plates. Sensing electrodes are AgCl needles inserted into
the saline.
EMCABS: 07-8-2003 Abstract: Large metal plates are used
as shields against magnetic fields at power frequencies. These
fields are found to emanate, as an example, from high power transformers
and their associated low voltage cables. These plates are finite
and their shielding is compromised due to their finite dimensions.
This paper evaluates the shielding afforded by such a plate, as
related to the geometry of the placement of the source and victim
and the dimensions and structure of the shield plate.
EMCABS: 08-8-2003 Abstract: This paper presents a transmission
line modeling technique using a time domain synthesis approach.
The time domain reflectometry (TDR) response waveform of a device
under test is divided into N, unequal time intervals using a special
windowing (filtering) technique. Each time interval is synthesized
(modeled) in the time domain by a lossy transmission line. The
parameters of each transmission line are determined by using a
constraint, nonlinear, least squares optimization technique performed
in the time domain. The proposed modeling technique has several
applications in microwave measurements, material characterization
and microwave device modeling.
EMCABS: 09-8-2003 Abstract: Cellular phone base stations
are often placed in the poles of power transmission lines. We
consider the case when such base stations are powered from the
low-voltage network. Of special concern is the current that might
be led through the cable metallic shields to other customers'
premises in case of a lightning stroke, which is a frequent cause
of flashover of the high-voltage insulators and a subsequent phase
to ground fault. This paper presents an analysis in the frequency
domain of the lightning current distribution between the earth
wires, grounding systems and power cable network, in the case
of a lightning stroke at the tower. The models and the analysis
are applied to a practical case.
EMCABS: 10-8-2003 Abstract: In recent years, evolutionary
optimization methods such as genetic algorithms have become increasingly
popular in EM optimization problems. However, these methods tend
to have slow convergence bounds and further, they do not yield
a deterministic optimal solution. In this paper, we propose a
new method of using Kriging meta modeling in conjunction with
the divided rectangles (DIRECT) global optimizer to yield a global
optimum solution. DIRECT yields a deterministic answer with a
fast convergence bound and inherits both local and global optimization
properties. This proposed hybrid optimization routine is applied
here to two examples dealing with electromagnetic coupling reduction.
One of them deals with minimizing coupling to sensors from antenna
radiation on automobiles. The other example focuses on multi-sensor
optimization subject to RF coupling constraints.
EMCABS: 11-8-2003 Abstract: Due to the difficulty of electromagnetic
interference (EMI) measurement in an actual pacemaker use situation,
the recommendations for the management of health risks of implanted
pacemaker users from portable telephones have been developed,
based mainly on an in-vitro measuring system with a cuboid liquid
phantom simulating a homogeneous human body. The validity of such
a highly simplified human body model, however, has never been
carefully examined. In this paper, with the application of our
previously proposed numerical method for the EMI evaluation of
pacemakers by portable telephones, we first confirmed Irnich's
finding that the maximum interference distance increases with
the third root of the antenna transmitting power for a homogeneous
cuboid torso model in order to show the validity of our modeling.
We then investigated whether the finding holds true for an actual
human body using an anatomically based human model, and confirmed
the usefulness of the simple cuboid model in the EMI evaluation
for cardiac pacemakers.
EMCABS: 12-8-2003 Abstract: The current line method
for measuring and calculating cable transfer impedance from measured
results is investigated. The mathematical model of experimental
installation whose parameters are determined on the basis of experimental
data is constructed. The calculation technique of transfer impedance
from measured results of scattering parameters is advanced. The
improvement of the experimental installation is proposed allowing
one to expand substantially a frequency range in which reliable
determination of transfer impedance is possible. The results of
cable transfer impedance measurements are given.
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